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Article on Shunting Rocketry
Electronics / Ematch Safety by Phil Stein |
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ATF Regulations that relate to Rocketry.
Employee
Possessor Questionnaire ATF 5400.28
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FAA Regulations that relate to Rocketry.
Title
14 Chapter 1 PART 101--MOORED BALLOONS, KITES, UNMANNED ROCKETS AND UNMANNED
FREE BALLOONS
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- Materials. I will use only lightweight, non-metal parts for the
nose, body, and fins of my rocket.
- Motors. I will use only certified, commercially-made model
rocket motors, and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any
purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer.
- Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical
launch system and electrical motor igniters. My launch system will have a
safety interlock in series with the launch switch, and will use a launch
switch that returns to the "off" position when released.
- Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button
of my electrical launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety
interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the
last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket.
- Launch Safety. I will use a countdown before launch, and will
ensure that everyone is paying attention and is a safe distance of at
least 15 feet away when I launch rockets with D motors or smaller, and 30
feet when I launch larger rockets. If I am uncertain about the safety or
stability of an untested rocket, I will check the stability before flight
and will fly it only after warning spectators and clearing them away to a
safe distance.
- Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a launch rod, tower, or
rail that is pointed to within 30 degrees of the vertical to ensure that
the rocket flies nearly straight up, and I will use a blast deflector to
prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. To prevent accidental
eye injury, I will place launchers so that the end of the launch rod is
above eye level or will cap the end of the rod when it is not in use.
- Size. My model rocket will not weigh more than 1,500 grams (53
ounces) at liftoff and will not contain more than 125 grams (4.4 ounces)
of propellant or 320 N-sec (71.9 pound-seconds) of total impulse. If my
model rocket weighs more than one pound (453 grams) at liftoff or has more
than four ounces (113 grams) of propellant, I will check and comply with
Federal Aviation Administration regulations before flying.
- Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into
clouds, or near airplanes, and will not put any flammable or explosive
payload in my rocket.
- Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area
at least as large as shown in the accompanying
table, and in safe weather conditions with wind speeds no greater than
20 miles per hour. I will ensure that there is no dry grass close to the
launch pad, and that the launch site does not present risk of grass fires.
- Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a
streamer or parachute in my rocket so that it returns safely and undamaged
and can be flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant or fireproof
recovery system wadding in my rocket.
- Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from
power lines, tall trees, or other dangerous places.
LAUNCH SITE DIMENSIONS
| Installed Total Impulse (N-sec) |
Equivalent Motor Type |
Minimum Site Dimensions (ft.) |
| 0.00--1.25 |
1/4A, 1/2A |
50 |
| 1.26--2.50 |
A |
100 |
| 2.51--5.00 |
B |
200 |
| 5.01--10.00 |
C |
400 |
| 10.01--20.00 |
D |
500 |
| 20.01--40.00 |
E |
1,000 |
| 40.01--80.00 |
F |
1,000 |
| 80.01--160.00 |
G |
1,000 |
| 160.01--320.00 |
Two Gs |
1,500 |
Revision of February, 2001
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- Certification. I will fly high power rockets only when
certified to do so by the National Association of Rocketry.
- Operating Clearances. I will fly high power rockets only in
compliance with
Federal Aviation Regulations Part 101 (Section 307, 72 Statute 749, 49
United States Code 1348, "Airspace Control and Facilities," Federal
Aviation Act of 1958) and all other federal, state, and local laws, rules,
regulations, statutes, and ordinances.
- Materials. My high power rocket will be made of lightweight
materials such as paper, wood, rubber, and plastic, or the minimum amount
of ductile metal suitable for the power used and the performance of my
rocket.
- Motors. I will use only commercially-made, NAR-certified rocket
motors in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. I will not alter the
rocket motor, its parts, or its ingredients in any way.
- Recovery. I will always use a recovery system in my high power
rocket that will return it safely to the ground so it may be flown again.
I will use only flame-resistant recovery wadding if wadding is required by
the design of my rocket.
- Weight and Power Limits. My rocket will weigh no more than the
motor manufacturer's recommended maximum liftoff weight for the motors
used, or I will use motors recommended by the manufacturer of the rocket
kit. My high power rocket will be propelled by rocket motors that produce
no more than 40,960 Newton-seconds (9,204 pound-seconds) of total impulse.
- Stability. I will check the stability of my high power rocket
before its first flight, except when launching a rocket of already proven
stability.
- Payloads. My high power rocket will never carry live animals
(except insects) or a payload that is intended to be flammable, explosive,
or harmful.
- Launch Site. I will launch my high power rocket outdoors in a
cleared area, free of tall trees, power lines, buildings, and dry brush
and grass. My launcher will be located at least 1,500 feet from any
occupied building.
My launch site will have minimum dimensions at least as
great as those in the Launch Site Dimension Table. As an alternative, the
site's minimum dimension will be one-half the maximum altitude of any
rocket being flown, or 1,500 feet, whichever is greater. My launcher will
be no closer to the edge of the launch site than one-half of the minimum
required launch site dimension.
- Launcher. I will launch my high power rocket from a stable
launch device that provides rigid guidance until the rocket has reached a
speed adequate to ensure a safe flight path. To prevent accidental eye
injury, I will always place the launcher so the end of the rod is above
eye level or I will cap the end of the rod when approaching it. I will cap
or disassemble my launch rod when not in use and I will never store it in
an upright position. My launcher will have a jet deflector device to
prevent the motor exhaust from hitting the ground directly. I will always
clear the area
for a radius of ten feet around my launch device of brown
grass, dry weeds, or other easy-to-burn materials.
- Ignition System. The system I use to launch my high power
rocket will be remotely controlled and electrically operated. It will
contain a launching switch that will return to "off" when released. The
system will contain a removable safety interlock in series with the launch
switch. All persons will remain at a distance from the high power rocket
and launcher as determined by the total impulse of the installed rocket
motor(s) according to the accompanying Safe Distance Table.
- Launch Safety. I will ensure that people in the launch area are
aware of the pending high power rocket launch and can see the rocket's
liftoff before I begin my audible five-second countdown. I will use only
electrical igniters recommended by the motor manufacturer that will ignite
rocket motors within one second of actuation of the launching switch. If
my high power rocket suffers a misfire, I will not allow anyone to
approach it or the launcher until I have made certain that the safety
interlock has been removed or that the battery has been disconnected from
the ignition system. I will wait one minute after a misfire before
allowing anyone to approach the launcher.
- Flying Conditions. I will launch my high power rocket only when
the wind is no more than 20 miles per hour and under conditions where the
rocket will not fly into clouds or when a flight might be hazardous to
people, property, or flying aircraft. Prior to launch, I will verify that
no aircraft appear to have flight paths over the launch site.
- Pre-Launch Test. When conducting research activities with
unproven designs or methods I will, when possible, determine the
reliability of my high power rocket by pre-launch tests. I will conduct
the launching of an unproven design in complete isolation from persons not
participating in the actual launching.
- Launch Angle. I will not launch my high power rocket so its
flight path will carry it against a target. My launch device will be
pointed within 20 degrees of vertical. I will never use rocket motors to
propel any device horizontally.
- Recovery Hazards. If a high power rocket becomes entangled in a
power line or other dangerous place, I will not attempt to retrieve it.
I will not attempt to catch my high-power rocket as it
approaches the ground.
LAUNCH SITE DIMENSION TABLE
| Total Impulse All Engines (Newton-Seconds) |
Equivalent Motor Type |
Minimum Site Dimensions (ft.) |
Equivalent Dimensions |
| 160.01 -- 320.00 |
H |
1,500 |
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| 320.01 -- 640.00 |
I |
2,500 |
Half mile |
| 640.01 -- 1,280.00 |
J |
5,280 |
One mile |
| 1,280.01 -- 2,560.00 |
K |
5,280 |
One mile |
| 2,560.01 -- 5,120.00 |
L |
10,560 |
Two miles |
| 5,120.01 -- 10,240.00 |
M |
15,840 |
Three miles |
| 10,240.01 -- 20,480.00 |
N |
21,120 |
Four miles |
| 20,480.01 -- 40,960.00 |
O |
26,400 |
Five miles |
SAFE DISTANCE TABLE
| Total Impulse All Engines (Newton-Seconds) |
Equivalent Motor Type |
Minimum Distance From Rocket With Single Motor (ft.) |
Minimum Distance From Rocket With Multiple Motors (ft.) |
| 160.01 -- 320.00 |
H |
100 |
200 |
| 320.01 -- 640.00 |
I |
100 |
200 |
| 640.01 -- 1,280.00 |
J |
100 |
200 |
| 1,280.01 -- 2,560.00 |
K |
200 |
300 |
| 2,560.01 -- 5,120.00 |
L |
300 |
500 |
| 5,120.01 -- 10,240.00 |
M |
500 |
1,000 |
| 10,240.01 -- 20,480.00 |
N |
1,000 |
1,500 |
| 20,480.01 -- 40,960.00 |
O |
1,500 |
2,000 |
Revision of July, 1995
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